EDPs, motorized or not, have taken urban mobility by storm by offering accessible and eco-friendly solutions. Among them is the electric bike, which appeals to a large part of France, particularly for its ease of use and reliability. In this article, we will discover how an electric bike works.
What exactly is an electric bike?
Is it a bike or a scooter? No, it’s an electric bike, the new eco-friendly means of transport that fascinates with its simplicity and versatility. Existing for several decades, the electric bike has gradually become democratized to become one of the most used vehicles in Europe and in certain regions of Asia today. Focus!
Definition of electric bike
Generally speaking, an electric bike works like a traditional bike: you just need to pedal! The electric assistance is activated only to support the pedaling, making it smoother and less tiring. The intensity of the assistance depends on the level chosen by the user, the effort exerted, and the technical characteristics of the motor. As is often said: "It’s the assistance that is electric, not the bike or the cyclist."
In reality, an electric bike is not intended for those who do not want to pedal or for those looking for a no-effort alternative. It is also not suitable for people with disabilities who require assistance to pedal.
Origin of the electric bicycle
Electric bicycles are not a recent invention. The first prototypes appeared long before the creation of the Tour de France. As early as the 1970s, craftsmen were already designing them, and in some Asian countries, this means of transport has been used en masse for over 20 years.
"With technological advancements, its design and features have evolved, but its core philosophy remains intact: to allow everyone to enjoy the joys of electric biking."
"Today, there are as many types of electric bikes as there are different practices. For example, we have the cargo electric bike, a model increasingly popular among city dwellers who are used to transporting goods and groceries during the day. There is also the fatbike electric bike, designed for riders who enjoy traversing rough terrain and seeking thrills."
How does an electric bike work?
If you want to trade your old classic bike for a brand new urban electric bike, there are a few important points you need to know. You need to learn how it works, because although it is very similar to the classic bike, the electric bike has electric assistance that you should master well before venturing out on the road. We will also talk about the different types of motors available, as well as the importance of the battery.
Functioning
The electric bike works in the same way as a classic bike, with one little extra: electric assistance. This is equipped with a sensor located at the crankset, which detects the pedaling motion. This information is then sent to a controller that activates the battery to power the motor. The latter then intervenes to support the cyclist's effort and make pedaling less tiring.
The types of propulsion
Pedal motors
Pedal motors are distinguished by better assistance technology, low energy consumption, and their transmission systems. It's no wonder they are more expensive and highly valued by bike craftsmen. They offer great comfort of use while helping to extend battery life. This type of motor is perfect for mountain biking outings and trips on steep slopes.
Another positive point: their excellent performance, which adapts perfectly to different models of electric bikes. This ensures additional comfort, especially when traveling on bumpy roads.
Friction motors
Friction motors are among the most common on the market, operating similarly to an inverted dynamo. Many brands have adopted this type of motor because it fits all bike models. This flexibility allows them to optimize their production without having to manage multiple motor references.
Wheel motors
Wheel motors, also known as hub motors, are distinguished by their ease of use and affordable cost. Very popular among enthusiasts, they are among the most used models in Asia and Europe. Compact and equipped with Brushless technology, these motors limit friction, noise, and the risk of overheating. This type of motor can be found on Garrett Miller electric bikes, which are currently among the most appreciated models by ride enthusiasts.
"They also provide a dynamic boost at startup, which improves acceleration. On the other hand, it should be noted that the behavior of this type of engine varies depending on the manufacturer and the model. Even though it is easy to handle, it is advisable to seek advice from professionals to better understand its operation."
The battery of the electric bike
Regarding battery autonomy, manufacturers generally provide wide ranges, between 50 to 95 km. You might say that it's too random, but too many parameters come into play, making it difficult to estimate accurately: your weight, your pedaling strength, weather conditions, terrain, tire inflation, and the level of electric assistance.
For maximum autonomy, make sure the battery is fully charged.
How to use an electric assist bicycle?
Riding a bike is fun. Riding an electric bike is just as enjoyable. Despite their similarities, electric bikes can offer a somewhat different experience than a traditional bike. Therefore, proper handling is even more important. Here are some tips for excellent handling.
The first handling
First rule: before you start, take the time to familiarize yourself with your electric bike by riding at a slow speed. Certainly, it is tempting to immediately test its limits, but it is better to take it easy at first. Once you perfectly master your bike, you will be able to fully enjoy its capabilities on the road.
If you can, first learn to pedal without activating the electric assistance. Once you are comfortable, engage it. However, on some models, the weight of the bike can make pedaling without assistance difficult. If it is essential to start, make sure it is set to the lowest level for a smooth start.
Tips for a Smooth Start
To start gently, we recommend placing one foot on the pedal located at the top and lightly pushing down on it while keeping your other foot on the ground for balance. This allows you to gain initial momentum before the electric assistance takes over. Once in motion, do not rush the electric assistance too much to avoid sudden accelerations that could unbalance you.
Electric Bicycle Legislation: The Rules to Know
Before hitting the road with your large wheel electric bike, it is important to know the main rules governing its use. No reason to panic, there is no excessive complexity, but a few essential points to keep in mind for a smooth ride.
Speed limit and equipment
The electric bike must be limited to 25 km/h with electric assistance. Beyond this speed, it becomes a moped and requires specific equipment (helmet, insurance, registration). Although wearing a helmet is not mandatory for adults, it is strongly recommended for your safety, especially in urban areas.
Where can you circulate?
Electric bikes can ride on the same paths as traditional bikes. However, certain areas, such as pedestrian zones or some bike paths, may have time restrictions. So be sure to check the local regulations before you go.
Insurance: Useful but not mandatory
Although it is not required by law (except in certain cases), insurance can be a plus to cover any damages caused to others. It will also provide you with peace of mind in case of an accident.
FAQ
Does the electric bike require special maintenance?
Like a classic bicycle, regular maintenance is necessary. However, an electric bicycle has specific requirements. It is important to regularly check the condition of the battery, particularly its charge level and proper functioning. It is also recommended to check the motor, the braking system, as well as the electrical wiring. In case of doubt, it is better to call a professional for the maintenance of the electrical equipment.
What to do if my battery runs out in the middle of a trip?
If your battery runs out on the way, you can still continue pedaling like with a classic bike, although the weight of the electric bike makes pedaling a bit more difficult without assistance. If you have a model with a removable battery, it is possible to take it out and recharge it in a secure place. Some bikes are also equipped with batteries that offer partial autonomy in case of low charge.
Can you transport an electric bike in a vehicle?
Most electric bikes can be transported in a vehicle, but their higher weight compared to a traditional bike can make this task more difficult. Additionally, if you are transporting the bike inside a vehicle, be careful not to damage the battery. For easy transport, some vehicles may be equipped with racks specifically designed for electric bikes.
Is it possible to use an electric bike in the rain or in wet conditions?
Yes, electric bikes are designed to be used in all weather conditions, including in the rain. The motors and batteries are generally protected by waterproof casings. However, it is always advisable to take extra precautions in extreme conditions, such as avoiding very long trips or fast descents on slippery roads.
Conclusion
At first glance, the electric bike seems to be a complex device that requires a certain know-how. And the answer is… yes and no. Of course, it takes a bit of practice to master the device before hitting the road, but rest assured, the learning curve is quick! After all, it works like a classic bike. The only difference lies in the handling of the electric assistance. By following our tips, you will be an ace at electric biking in just a few days.
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